The Berber beliefs

[Lezer]

Ik ben van plan een artikel te schrijven over het Berberse geloof, dit is wat ik geschreven heb op het kladpapier:
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The Berber beliefs or the Amazigh beliefs are the beliefs of the indigenous people of north Africa excluding the Egytians. The history of the Berber beliefs is not clear, since there are very few ancient sources that refered to the ancient Berber beliefs, and those sources were undoubtly writen by the non-Berbers. The most important and ancient sources are the inscriptions of the Ancient Egyptians, and the works of the Greek and Roman writers, and rarely by the Arabs. The Berbers and the Carthagians left some depictions wich are silencious and need serious studies to uncover their history and their influence on the Berber societies. Another notorious remark is that the most ancient sources didn't aim to cover the Berber beliefs, but as descreptions for the most influencial beliefs that spread themselves out of North Africa.

The modern scholars didn't uncover the ancient beliefs, but tried to trace the influence of the Berber beliefs on the other societies, and the influences of the ancient bliefs on the modern practices like as the cult of "Anzar".

Another remarkable fact is that the ancient sources didn't keep the Berber spritit of the Berber beliefs, and appears clearly when studying the Berber deities on the Basis of the Egyptian and Greek sources. The deities depicted by the Ancient Egyptians seemed to be Egyptianized whereas the deities described by the Greeks seemed to have hellinized characters like as the giants wich are typical for the half-gods like as "Heraclus".

The lack to ideal sources on the Berber beliefs led many scholars to emphasize the influence the Berber deities on the other's beliefs like as the book of Helene Hagan: "The Shining Ones: An Etymological Essay on the Amazigh Roots of Egyptian Civilization", but those essays are speculative and couldn't provide a representation of the ancient Berber beliefs.

Another difficulty for the non-specialists to trace the Berber mythology is generally the weak presentation of the Berber history. Those people were known by various names in different periods like "Libyans" wich has been used by the Historian "Herodotus" and othe ancient writers.

The Ancient tombs

The tombs of the early Berber or their ancestors show that the Berbers and their ancestors [The Ibero-maurussians] believed in another world after the death. They tended to bury their deads in save places after they realized that the corpses buried in unsave places risked to be damaged by the animals, and putted some tools and jewelries with the corpses.

It is remarkable how the tombs of the early Berbers have been evoluated from primitive tombs to more complicated ones, and that appears in the pyramidical tombs that are spread in North-Africa including the Canary Islands. Those tombs gained the attention of some scholars like as Mohammed Chafik who wrote his small book "Hafriyyat fi el-llogha" undertaking the history of those pyramidical tombs that still existed untill the last few years. Mohammed Chafik tried to rely the pyramidical Berber tombs with the great Egyptian pyramids on the of the etymological and historical data.

Those tombs were built in honor of the dead person who was an important in the Berber communities. The most known Berber pyramid is Emdaghsen-pyramid.

Heyerdahl believed that the Tenerifian pyramids were brought by the sun-worshiping Berbers from the Mediterranean to the Canary Islands.

The sun and the moon

According to Herodotus, the ancient Berbers (who were known as the Libyan to him) worshiped the moon and sun, and sacrified for them. According to G. Camps the word "Ayyur" is not only the Berber word to refer to the moon, but it was also the name of the moon-god that was worshiped by the Berbers.
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Kan iemand hier (inhoudelijk) aan helpen??

[Inuit]

misschien kun je beginnen met referenties te vermelden, anders ben ik bang dat weinigen het echt serieus gaan nemen.

[Lezer]

Hihi, dat verwacht ik ook, ik heb artikels als bronnen, maar tot nu toe hebben nog niets nieuws geschreven.

Kritiek is ook welkom, liever hier dan daar bekritiseerd worden.

Het artikel zou veel langer moeten worden, want ik zou later ook over het jodendom, christendom, islam en de shisma's  schrijven als het me zou lukken.

[Lezer]

Hier volgt nog een aanvulling:
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Megalithic culture

The rocks were generally considered to be holly by many pre-historical people, and the Berbers were not an exception. Saint Augustine mentioned that the polytheistic Africans worshiped the rocks. Appuleius mentioned too that the worshiping of the stones existed in the second century a.C.

Besides the megalithic rocks which are believed to be of Phoenician origin, there are another pre-histoic North African megatlithic stones which are poorly known.

Egyptian-Berber mythology

Some scholars believe that Berber mythology is very relted to the Ancient-Egyptian one, and that can be explained as a resuld of an ancient central saharn common origin of them. The early Berber emigration to the Nile Delta would also influence their beliefs.

Many Egyptian deited were depicted with Beber (ancient Libyan) characters like as "Amentet" who was depicted with two feathers wich are the normal ornament of the Ancient Libyans like as they are depicted by the Ancient Egyptians. Even the name of some Egyptian deities was related to the Ancient Libyans, like as the name "Ament" which refers to the west that was inhabited by the Berbers (Ancient Libyans), and Seth who was considered to be the king of the Libyan desert.

The Ancient Egyptians considered some Egyptian deities to have a Libyan origin, like as Neith who has been considered by Ancient Egyptians to have emigrated from Libya to establish in the Nile Delata.

The most remarkable common god between them is Amon, this god is hardly to attribute an only pantheon. Although the most sources ignored its exitence in the Berber mythology, he was maybe the greatest ancient Berber god, who has been honored by the Ancient Greeks and Romans, and was united with the Phoenician god "Baal" because of the Berber influence. The most known temple is the oase "Siwa". The depictions of the ram in across North Africa are very old and some of them are older than than the Egyptian depictions.

Phoenician-Berber mythology

When the Phoenicians established in North Africa, they brought their deities with them. But after they integrated in the Berber environment and militaire alliances between them, the Phoenician and the Berber beliefs began to influence each others.

After Baal was the main worshiped deity in Carthago, he became united with the Berber (Ancient Libyan) god "Amon" to become "Baal-Amon". The depictions of this deity is found in several sites in across north-west Africa. Besides, the Semitic goddess "Ashtart" in North Africa became replaced by Tanit whish is supposed be of Berber origin, Even the name "Tanit" has languistically a Berber (Tamazight) structure. The feminan words get "T" in the begining and the end of the word in the Berber language. Some scholars believe therefore, that the Egyptian goddess "Neith" was none others than the Libyan goddess Tanit (Ta-neith).


Greek-Berber mythology

The main connections between the Berbers and the Greeks were in Cyrenaice were the Greeks finally established. The Greeks influenced the eastern Berber environment, but they were also influenced by the Berber culture and beliefs.

The first notable appearence of that influence is the name "Cyrenaica" itself. This name was orignally the name of a legendarious Berber woman warrior who was couragious. She has also been declared as the wife of the Greek god Appolo.

Because of the Libyan influence, the Greeks identified their great god "Zeus" with the Berber(Ancient Libyan) Amon, and some of the Cyrenaican Greeks continued worshiping Amon himself. The Amon's cult was so strong to the Greeks that even Alexander the Great choosed to be declared as the son of Zeus in the Siwan temple by the Berber priests of Amon.

The important doughter of Zeus "Athena" was considered by many ancient historians including Herodotus to be of Berber origin. Those ancient historians stated that she was orignally honored by the Berber round the Lake Tritotins where she has been born from the god Poseidon and Lake Tritonis, according to the Libyan legend.

Herodotus stated that Poseidon (another important Greek sea god) has been adopted from the Libyans by the Greeks. He emphasized that no people worshiped Poseidon from early times than the Libyans who spread his cult.

The Geeks and the Berbers built even partly a common mythical world, and that appears in the myth of Anatios and Heraclus. Anatios was never a Greek giant. He was clearly described as Libyan giant who inhabited North Africa. The legend tells about him that he was the undefeatable protector of the Libyans he was the son of the Greek-Berber god Poseidon, and he was the son of the Berber goddess Tinjis. He used to protect the lands of the Berbers until he has been slain by the legendary Greek hero Heracles who married later the wife of Antaios and gave birth to  Sophax (Berber-Greek son). This nested myth might refer to the ancient Berber-Greek struggle.

Generally, many other Greek gods were related to the Berbers (Ancient Libyans) and their countries, according to the Greek myths, like Lamia, Atlas, Gaia, Triton, Libya, Gorgon, Medusa.
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De volgende hoofdstuk is de romeinse Berber mythololgie. Maar er valt daar eventueel niet veel over te schrijven.

[Lezer]

De rest zou nog als volgt moeten zijn:
Berber-Roman mythology:
Judaism in North Africa:
Christianism in North Africa:
Islam in North Africa:

[Lezer]

Roman-Berber mythology

Although the existence of the Romans in North Africa was strong, there were not great religional influence between them, and that might be due to the fact that the existence in North Africa was bloody, and not peaceful besides that the appearence of Christianism in North Afirca was seen as an ideological weapon for the North Afircans to distiguish themselves from the foreign Romans.

The Berbers used some deities as war gods during the period of their resitence against the Romans, they had the war goddess Ifri who considered to be the protector of her worshipers and was depicted on the Berber coins, and seemed to be an influencial goddess in North Africa. But the Romans adopted her and called her Africa and considered her again to be the symbol of their victories against the Berbers.

Corippus mentioned that the Berbers used Gurzil as war god against the Byzantines, and told furthermore tht the leader of Jarna-tribe has been killed while defending his god Gurzil. This same god has been used by the Berbers against the Arab-islamic conquest, according to some sources. Corippus also mentioned besides other cults the cult of Mastiman whose name was used to refer to the Roman god Jupiter.

[Lezer]

Het artikel in wikipedia [nog niet volledig]:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_beliefs

We zullen zien wat ervan gemaakt zou worden.

[weetikveel]

Het artikel in wikipedia [nog niet volledig]:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_beliefs

We zullen zien wat ervan gemaakt zou worden.

refereer ajb naar bronnen...zoals al eerder is gezegd...

[Lezer]

Bronnen noemen we "sources" in Engels:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_beliefs#Sources

[Lezer]

Weten jullie daar niets over, of zijn jullie gewoon niet geinteresseerd ?! Ik ben benieuwd.

[SAMADIE]

MIJN  engles is  niet van hoog niveau does als je het artiekl in het NLzou kunnnen willen schrijven

[Lezer]

haha, ik beheers ook geen engels, en daarom gebruik ik de woorden die op de nederlandse woorden lijken. Probeer het te lezen en zal vinden dat het begrijpbaar is ;)

[Botermes]

Onze geschiedenis is zo rijk,eigenlijk.